{"id":6312,"date":"2020-12-01T22:44:46","date_gmt":"2020-12-01T21:44:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/1-dicembre-2020-la-memoria-i-traumi-la-storia\/"},"modified":"2023-02-26T19:49:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-26T18:49:46","slug":"1-dicembre-2020-la-memoria-i-traumi-la-storia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/1-dicembre-2020-la-memoria-i-traumi-la-storia\/","title":{"rendered":"La memoria, i traumi, la storia."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>La memoria, i traumi, la storia. La guerra e le catastrofi del Novecento\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Lo studio della storia dell\u2019et\u00e0 contemporanea richiede uno specifico approccio metodologico e una peculiare tipologia di fonti. Lo ha spiegato la Prof.ssa Gabriella Gribaudi durante il seminario La memoria, i traumi, la storia. La guerra e le catastrofi del Novecento che si \u00e8 tenuto on line il giorno 1 dicembre.<br \/>\nLa Gribaudi ha focalizzato l\u2019attenzione sulla nascita della storia sociale in Italia che si \u00e8 sviluppata, intorno agli anni \u201970, sulla scia della storiografia francese delle Annales, come insoddisfazione rispetto al tradizionale e allora dominante approccio evenemenziale. La professoressa ha evidenziato l\u2019importanza della microstoria che, in contrapposizione alla \u201cmacro\u201d (generale e teleologica), privilegia la cosiddetta \u201cstoria dal basso\u201d e ne studia le dinamiche e gli aspetti sociali.<br \/>\nIn relazione alle fonti e alla metodologia di indagine, la professoressa ha poi sottolineato da un lato l\u2019importanza della documentazione ufficiale, come quella prodotta all\u2019interno di tribunali o redatta da notai; dall\u2019altro quella custodita all\u2019interno degli Archivi di Stato Civile, fondamentale per la ricostruzione delle genealogie. Di fondamentale interesse sono anche i documenti giudiziari e le intercettazioni telefoniche che consentono di ricostruire la complessit\u00e0 della realt\u00e0. Estremamente importanti per lo studio della storia contemporanea sono infine le fonti orali e principalmente le interviste, ad esempio quelle riportate nell\u2019Archivio multimediale delle memorie curato dalla stessa Gribaudi (http:\/\/www.memoriedalterritorio.it\/index.php?option=com_content&#038;view=article&#038;id=59&#038;Itemid=63&#038;lang=it).<br \/>\nLa storia orale \u00e8 stata spesso criticata perch\u00e9 considerata inattendibile a causa della parzialit\u00e0 e della soggettivit\u00e0 dei racconti. La Gribaudi ha, invece, delineato i principali motivi della sua importanza: essa consente di dare risalto alle classi subalterne, generalmente escluse dalle trattazioni dei grandi avvenimenti storiografici; ci permette di ricostruire la realt\u00e0, soprattutto in assenza di documentazione scritta ed  anche di attingere direttamente al serbatoio della memoria dei testimoni, sia attraverso i loro racconti, sia attraverso le omissioni, i silenzi e gli errori che forniscono rilevanti informazioni sull\u2019interpretazione degli eventi da parte del testimone.<br \/>\nLa professoressa ha riportato come esempio l\u2019intervista a una donna, unica di un\u2019intera famiglia sopravvissuta alle stragi naziste del 1943 a Bellona (Caserta). Tale testimonianza ha consentito di evidenziare l\u2019esperienza della guerra vissuta nelle zone rurali e di mettere in luce aspetti legati alla memoria e alla percezione dell\u2019evento bellico come violenza e trauma individuale.<br \/>\nInfine, proprio in relazione all\u2019importanza attribuita alla memoria individuale soprattutto a partire dalla seconda met\u00e0 del XX secolo, la Gribaudi ha posto l\u2019attenzione sulla realizzazione di monumenti memoriali creati con lo scopo di preservare la memoria dei singoli individui coinvolti nei grandi genocidi della storia. \u00c8 il caso, per esempio, del Yad Vashem, l\u2019Ente nazionale per la Memoria della Shoah di Gerusalemme, all\u2019interno del quale sono esposte le schede biografiche di milioni di vittime. Emblematiche sono anche le \u201cpietre d&#8217;inciampo\u201d in ottone create per iniziativa dell\u2019architetto tedesco Gunter Demnig per commemorare all\u2019interno del tessuto urbanistico di diverse citt\u00e0 europee le vittime del nazismo deportate nei campi di sterminio.<br \/>\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 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studio della storia dell\u2019et\u00e0 contemporanea richiede uno specifico approccio metodologico e una peculiare tipologia di fonti. Lo ha spiegato la Prof.ssa Gabriella Gribaudi durante il seminario <em>La memoria, i traumi, la storia. La guerra e le catastrofi del Novecento <\/em>che si \u00e8 tenuto on line il giorno 1 dicembre.<\/p>\n<p>La Gribaudi ha focalizzato l\u2019attenzione sulla nascita della storia sociale in Italia che si \u00e8 sviluppata, intorno agli anni \u201970, sulla scia della storiografia francese delle <em>Annales<\/em>, come insoddisfazione rispetto al tradizionale e allora dominante approccio evenemenziale. La professoressa ha evidenziato l\u2019importanza della microstoria che, in contrapposizione alla \u201cmacro\u201d (generale e teleologica), privilegia la cosiddetta \u201cstoria dal basso\u201d e ne studia le dinamiche e gli aspetti sociali.<\/p>\n<p>In relazione alle fonti e alla metodologia di indagine, la professoressa ha poi sottolineato da un lato l\u2019importanza della documentazione ufficiale, come quella prodotta all\u2019interno di tribunali o redatta da notai; dall\u2019altro quella custodita all\u2019interno degli Archivi di Stato Civile, fondamentale per la ricostruzione delle genealogie. Di fondamentale interesse sono anche i documenti giudiziari e le intercettazioni telefoniche che consentono di ricostruire la complessit\u00e0 della realt\u00e0. Estremamente importanti per lo studio della storia contemporanea sono infine le fonti orali e principalmente le interviste, ad esempio quelle riportate nell\u2019Archivio multimediale delle memorie curato dalla stessa Gribaudi (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.memoriedalterritorio.it\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=59&amp;Itemid=63&amp;lang=it\">http:\/\/www.memoriedalterritorio.it\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=59&amp;Itemid=63&amp;lang=it<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>La storia orale \u00e8 stata spesso criticata perch\u00e9 considerata inattendibile a causa della parzialit\u00e0 e della soggettivit\u00e0 dei racconti. La Gribaudi ha, invece, delineato i principali motivi della sua importanza: essa consente di dare risalto alle classi subalterne, generalmente escluse dalle trattazioni dei grandi avvenimenti storiografici; ci permette di ricostruire la realt\u00e0, soprattutto in assenza di documentazione scritta ed \u00a0anche di attingere direttamente al serbatoio della memoria dei testimoni, sia attraverso i loro racconti, sia attraverso le omissioni, i silenzi e gli errori che forniscono rilevanti informazioni sull\u2019interpretazione degli eventi da parte del testimone.<\/p>\n<p>La professoressa ha riportato come esempio l\u2019intervista a una donna, unica di un\u2019intera famiglia sopravvissuta alle stragi naziste del 1943 a Bellona (Caserta). Tale testimonianza ha consentito di evidenziare l\u2019esperienza della guerra vissuta nelle zone rurali e di mettere in luce aspetti legati alla memoria e alla percezione dell\u2019evento bellico come violenza e trauma individuale.<\/p>\n<p>Infine, proprio in relazione all\u2019importanza attribuita alla memoria individuale soprattutto a partire dalla seconda met\u00e0 del XX secolo, la Gribaudi ha posto l\u2019attenzione sulla realizzazione di monumenti memoriali creati con lo scopo di preservare la memoria dei singoli individui coinvolti nei grandi genocidi della storia. \u00c8 il caso, per esempio, del Yad Vashem, l\u2019Ente nazionale per la Memoria della Shoah di Gerusalemme, all\u2019interno del quale sono esposte le schede biografiche di milioni di vittime. Emblematiche sono anche le \u201cpietre d&#8217;inciampo\u201d in ottone create per iniziativa dell\u2019architetto <a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germania\">tedesco<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gunter_Demnig\">Gunter Demnig<\/a>\u00a0per commemorare all\u2019interno del tessuto urbanistico di diverse citt\u00e0 europee le vittime del nazismo <a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deportazione\">deportate<\/a>\u00a0nei\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campi_di_sterminio\">campi di sterminio<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6304\" src=\"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Gribaudi-267x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"267\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Gribaudi-267x150.png 267w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Gribaudi-768x432.png 768w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Gribaudi-1030x579.png 1030w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Gribaudi-705x396.png 705w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Gribaudi-450x253.png 450w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Gribaudi.png 1366w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 267px) 100vw, 267px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6298\" src=\"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Locandina-Gribaudi-1-dicembre-104x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"396\" height=\"571\" srcset=\"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Locandina-Gribaudi-1-dicembre-104x150.jpg 104w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Locandina-Gribaudi-1-dicembre-768x1109.jpg 768w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Locandina-Gribaudi-1-dicembre-713x1030.jpg 713w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Locandina-Gribaudi-1-dicembre-1038x1500.jpg 1038w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Locandina-Gribaudi-1-dicembre-488x705.jpg 488w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Locandina-Gribaudi-1-dicembre-450x650.jpg 450w, http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Locandina-Gribaudi-1-dicembre.jpg 1242w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La memoria, i traumi, la storia. La guerra e le catastrofi del Novecento\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Lo studio della storia dell\u2019et\u00e0 contemporanea richiede uno specifico approccio metodologico e una peculiare tipologia di fonti. Lo ha spiegato la Prof.ssa Gabriella Gribaudi durante il seminario La memoria, i traumi, la storia. La guerra e le catastrofi del Novecento che si \u00e8 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6296,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[50],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6312"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6312"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8789,"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6312\/revisions\/8789"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/discompose.unina.it\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}